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Auschwitz-Birkenau is 70 km west of Krakow, near the town of Oswiecim. Between 1940 and 1945, the German Nazi regime operated the largest extermination complex in history here: Auschwitz I (the
Oskar Schindler's Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik — the enamelware factory where Schindler employed and protected over a thousand Jewish workers during the Nazi occupation — is in the Podgorze district, across the Vistula from Kazimierz.
Kazimierz was founded as a separate royal town adjacent to Krakow in 1335, and for several centuries functioned as the centre of Jewish life in southern Poland. At its peak, over 60,
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